The current research investigated the draft force, soil disturbance area, specific draft, tractor fuel consumption, slippage of drive wheels, drawbar power, traction efficiency, and overall energy efficiency of subsoiling. The effects of FORWARD SPEED (1. 8, 2. 3, 2. 9 and 3. 5 km/h) and depth (40 and 50 cm) on these parameters were evaluated using a randomized complete block design. An increase in FORWARD SPEED increased draft force by 7%, specific draft by 15. 4%, fuel consumption by 10%, wheel slippage by 2. 9%, drawbar power by 108. 3%, and overall energy efficiency by 6% and decreased soil disturbance area by 7. 2% and traction efficiency 10%. Increasing the subsoiling depth increased the draft force by 21. 3%, soil disturbance area by 25. 6%, fuel consumption by 39. 6%, wheel slippage by 2. 8%, and drawbar power by 21. 4% and decreased specific draft by 3. 4%, traction efficiency by 6. 7%, and overall energy efficiency by 1. 4%. The most efficient operating settings were a working depth of 40 cm with a FORWARD SPEED of 2. 9 km/h.

Introduction: In recent years, production techniques and equipment have been developed for conservation tillage systems that have been adopted by many farmers. With proper management, overall yield averages for conventional and reduced tillage systems are nearly identical. Sometimes, field operations can be combined by connecting two or more implements. Much research has focused on either reducing or eliminating tillage operations to develop sustainable crop production methods. The greatest costs in farm operations are associated with tillage due to greater specific energy requirement in tillage and the high fuel costs. Combined operations reduce both fuel consumption and time and labor requirements by eliminating at least one individual trip over the field. …

Introduction: In recent years, production techniques and equipment have been developed for conservation of tillage systems that have been adopted by many farmers. With proper management, overall yield averages for conventional and reduced tillage systems are nearly identical. Sometimes, field operations can be combined by connecting two or more implements. Combined operations reduce both fuel consumption, and time and labor requirements by eliminating at least one individual trip over the field. …

The factors influencing the efficiency of tillage tools are such as soil moisture content, tool geometry and FORWARD SPEED. This study was a spilit-spilit plot experimental design with three replications to determine the effect of new bent leg tillage on soil pulverization. Treatments were three soil moisture content levels of 7-10, 10-13 and 13-16 as the main plots, three FORWARD SPEEDs of 5, 7. 5 and 10 km/h as the sub-plots and three blade spaces of 12, 16 and 20 cm as the sub-sub-plots. In this research, the effect of bent leg tillage on soil moisture content, FORWARD SPEED and clod mean weight diameter (MWD) were studied. Results indicated that FORWARD SPEED, shank spaces and soil moisture content during tillage affected MWD. Increasing FORWARD SPEED and soil moisture content during tillage and also reducing blade spaces reduced MWD. The findings show that the technology of the new bent leg tillage has the potential to increase FORWARD SPEED during tillage operation with reducing MWD. Also, it can improve work-rate and reduce the time of seed-bed preparation.

Sea target detection in the HSP-FLSAR images has not been addressed so far in the literature. In this paper we carry out a comparative evaluation of existing SAR target detection algorithms in the case of monostatic HSP-FLSAR range Doppler images assuming a platform diving trajectory. To do so, various CFAR methods, including CA-CFAR, SOCA-CFAR, GOCA-CFAR, OS-CFAR, VIE-CFAR, and G0 distribution CFAR algorithms, are used to detect a set of point scatterers in simulated images. The performance of methods is compared based on receiver operating characteristic curves. Simulation results show that OS-CFAR has the best probability of detection for a fixed probability of false alarm. This paper can be a starting point to find better target detection methods in HSP-FLSAR images.

In this research, the effect of FORWARD SPEED at four levels (1. 8, 2. 3, 2. 9 and 3. 5 km/h), tillage depth at three levels (30, 40 and 50 cm) and wing at two levels (winged and no-winged tines) were investigated on the draft requirement, soil disturbance area and specific draft of Paraplow. The results revealed that the effect of depth and wing was more than FORWARD SPEED on the studied parameters, significantly. Increasing FORWARD SPEED increased draft requirement and specific draft but decreased disturbance area. Increasing depth and adding wing led to increase draft requirement, disturbance area and specific draft. Transfering winged paraplow to under the hardpan decreased specific draft, significantly. The results recommended that using lower SPEED, minimum depth for hardpan breakage and wing will be better. A regression model included the SPEED, depth and wing width was developed to predict the draft requirement.

Performance of Terradisc stubble cultivator was evaluated in a field experiment during two years in Khuzestan agricultural research center with nine treatments. These treatments were also compared with traditional method. Corn planted in experimental field in summer and wheat cultivated after corn in fall. Terradisc treatments consisted of three levels of FORWARD SPEED namely: 8, 10, and 12 km/h and three levels of front and rear discs overlaps: 0, 30, and 60 percent. All treatments were replicated three times in this research. The measured and evaluated parameters were fuel consumption, time, effective field capacity, percentage of residue remained on the soil surface, wheat grain yield, and yield components. Two years ANOVA results showed that, tillage method, FORWARD SPEED, and discs overlap had no significant effect on wheat yield and yield components. Variance analysis of technical parameters showed that effects of FORWARD SPEED and discs overlap were significant on some of these parameters such as fuel consumption and time requirement. The results showed that amount of residue remained on the soil surface increased significantly, as discs overlap reduced. The highest and lowest remained residue was 88. 6 and 64. 7 percent in 60 and zero degrees of discs overlap, respectively. Mean weight diameter (MWD) reduced as FORWARD SPEED increased. MWD calculated 31. 6 mm and 33. 6 mm in FORWARD SPEEDs of 12 and 8 km/h, respectively. FORWARD SPEED of 12 km/h had the minimum fuel consumption (11. 8 lit/ha), while the maximum fuel consumption (15. 5 lit/ha) belonged to FORWARD SPEED of 8 km/h. According to obtained results, Terradisc can be recommended as an acceptable option for applying the minimum tillage in corn residue with higher FORWARD SPEED and lower discs overlap.